ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To provide the distribution pattern and compatibility laws of the constituent herbs in prescriptions, for doctor's convenience to make decision in choosing correct herbs and prescriptions for treating respiratory disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Classical prescriptions treating respiratory disease were selected from authoritative prescription books. Data mining methods (frequent itemsets and association rules) were used to analyze the regular patterns and compatibility laws of the constituent herbs in the selected prescriptions.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 562 prescriptions were selected to be studied. The result exhibited that, Radix glycyrrhizae was the most frequently used in 47.2% prescriptions, other frequently used were Semen armeniacae amarum, Fructus schisandrae Chinese, Herba ephedrae, and Radix ginseng. Herbal ephedrae was always coupled with Semen armeniacae amarum with the confidence of 73.3%, and many herbs were always accompanied by Radix glycyrrhizae with high confidence. More over, Fructus schisandrae Chinese, Herba ephedrae and Rhizoma pinelliae was most commonly used to treat cough, dyspnoea and associated sputum respectively besides Radix glycyrrhizae and Semen armeniacae amarum. The prescriptions treating dyspnoea often used double herb group of Herba ephedrae & Radix glycyrrhizae, while prescriptions treating sputum often used double herb group of Rhizoma pinelliae & Radix glycyrrhizae and Rhizoma pinelliae & Semen armeniacae amarum, triple herb groups of Rhizoma pinelliae & Semen armeniacae amarum & Radix glycyrrhizae and Pericarpium citri reticulatae & Rhizoma pinelliae & Radix glycyrrhizae.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The prescriptions treating respiratory disease showed common compatibility laws in using herbs and special compatibility laws for treating different respiratory symptoms. These principle patterns and special compatibility laws reported here could be useful for doctors to choose correct herbs and prescriptions in treating respiratory disease.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Data Mining , Methods , Drug Combinations , Drug Prescriptions , Classification , Drug Therapy, Combination , Methods , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Classification , Herb-Drug Interactions , Physiology , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Methods , Respiratory Tract Diseases , Drug Therapy , Epidemiology , Review Literature as TopicABSTRACT
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is mainly secreted by the neuroglia cells, which can exert biological effect through its receptors on the specific target cell surface. NGF is closely related to neurocyte growth, differentiation and apoptosis. As a neurotropic virus, HSV-1 an easily lead to neurocyte, neuroglia cells death or apoptosis. In this study, the U251 human glioma cells were chosen as target cells to study the change of NGF and its receptors in the apoptosis process of HSV-1 infection. Our results showed that U251 cells were permissive to HSV-1 replication. In the apoptosis process of HSV-1 infected U251 cells, the expression of both NGF and P75NTR increased and then decreased, while the expression of TrkA decreased gradually. These result indicated that HSV-1 was able to induce the abnormal expression of NGF and its receptors in U251 cells.
Subject(s)
Humans , Apoptosis , Cell Line, Tumor , Gene Expression , Glioma , Genetics , Metabolism , Virology , Herpes Simplex , Genetics , Metabolism , Virology , Herpesvirus 1, Human , Genetics , Physiology , Nerve Growth Factor , Genetics , Metabolism , Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor , Genetics , Metabolism , Receptor, trkA , Genetics , Metabolism , Virus ReplicationABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the change of endogenic nerve growth factor (NGF) expression in human glioma cells infected with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>U251 cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 culture medium and infected with HCMV AD169 strain in vitro to establish a cell model of viral infection. Morphologic changes of U251 cells were observed under inverted microscope before and after infection with HCMV. Expression of NGF gene and protein of cells was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting before and after infection with HCMV.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cytopathic effects of HCMV-infected cells appeared on day 5 after infection. However, differential NGF expression was evident on day 7. NGF expression was decreased significantly in U251 cells on day 7 after infection in comparison with control group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HCMV can down-regulate endogenous NGF levels in human glioma cell line U251.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Actins , Metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , Cytomegalovirus , Physiology , Cytomegalovirus Infections , Pathology , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Glioma , Genetics , Pathology , Virology , Models, Biological , Nerve Growth Factor , Genetics , Metabolism , RNA, Messenger , Genetics , Metabolism , Reproducibility of Results , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
During the infection of host cells, IE2 protein is one of the first and most abundantly expressed products of HCMV genome, which plays an important role in the controlling of cell cycle and apoptosis. But the correlation between expression level and anti-apoptotic activity of IE2 protein is still not clear. In this study, we successfully established a HCMV IE2 protein expression cell line that was controlled by Tet-On system. The effect of IE2 protein on cell apoptosis and the expression of p53 was detected under different condition of induction. Our results showed that the IE2 protein could inhibit cell apoptosis induced by TNF-alpha. Additionally, the anti-apoptotic activity of IE2 protein seemed to be relevant to its expression level. However, we failed to detect any difference of p53 expression between the IE2 protein expression and non-expression cells. These data indicated that the IE2 protein might inhibit cell apoptosis through regulating different signal pathways.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Pharmacology , Apoptosis , Genetics , Doxycycline , Pharmacology , Gene Expression Regulation , Genetics , HeLa Cells , Immediate-Early Proteins , Genetics , Metabolism , Plasmids , Genetics , Trans-Activators , Genetics , Metabolism , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 , MetabolismABSTRACT
The objective of present study is to investigate the effect of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection on human hippocampus neural stem cells NSCs differentiation in vitro, Fetal hippocampus tissue was dissociated mechanically and then cultured in proliferation medium with EGF and bFGF. Immunofluorescence method was used to detect the expression of NSCs marker-Nestin within these cells. Cultured in 10% FBS, NSCs began to differentiate. On the onset of the differentiation, HCMV AD169 (MOI=5) was added into the differentiation medium. After 7 days differentiation, the effect of HCMV infection on NSCs differentiation was observed by detecting the rate of nestin, GFAP and HCMV immediate-early (IE) positive cells with confocal microscopy and immunofluorescence method. The resucts showed most of the cells (passage 4-6 ) were Nestin positive and could differentiate into NSE-positive neurons and GFAP-positive astrocytes. On day 7 postinfection, 86% +/- 12% of infected cells were IE positive. The percentage of Nestin-positive cells was 50% +/- 19% and 93% +/- 10% (t= 6.03, P<0.01)and those of GFAP-positive cells was 81% +/- 11% and 55 +/- 17% (t=3.77, P<0.01) in uninfected and infected cells respectively. These findings indicated that NSCs were HCMV permissive cell and HCMV AD 169 infection suppressed the differentiation of Hippocampus-genetic human neural stem cells into astrocytes.
Subject(s)
Humans , Astrocytes , Cell Biology , Cell Differentiation , Cells, Cultured , Cytomegalovirus , Physiology , Epidermal Growth Factor , Pharmacology , Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 , Pharmacology , Hippocampus , Cell Biology , Intermediate Filament Proteins , Metabolism , Microscopy, Fluorescence , Multipotent Stem Cells , Cell Biology , Metabolism , Virology , Nerve Tissue Proteins , Metabolism , Nestin , Neurons , Cell BiologyABSTRACT
Human herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) causes facial,ocular,and encephalitic disease and is associated with latent infection and cancer.Here,we developed a means of studying the pathogenesis of HSV-1 infection at the protein level by using the SELDI Protein Chip to detect changes of protein expression in Vero cells cultured in vitro.After infection with HSV-1 and culture for 12,24 or 48 h,cells were harvested and lysed.IMAC3 arrays were applied to SELDI-TOF-MS to detect proteomic differences before and after infection.The chip detected a series of differentially expressed protein peaks.Interestingly,both peaks at 16 912 Da and 17 581 Da corresponded precisely with the molecular mass of ISG 15,which may participate in antiviral activity during the process of infection.Thus,the results we obtained can serve as a basis to study the pathogenesis of HSV-1 and the interaction between the virus and its host.In addition,they can help in the discovery of new therapeutic targets for treatment of HSV-1 infection.